DEPARTMENTS
ADMINISTRATION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL
HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT AND MAINTANANCE
HEALTH REPORTS
1).NATIONAL HEALTH PROFILE (1996)
2).ZIMBABWE NATIONAL MATERNITY & CHILD HEALTH FAMILY PLANNING SURVEY 1997
Table of Contents
1. Preface
2. Summary of Health Indicators
3. Further Information
Preface
The Zimbabwe National Health Profile (1996) is the second compilation of annually available health data for a broad range interested parties. This profile is also documentary evidence of health and health services for a range of institutions and individuals such as non-governmental organisations, multilateral and bilateral agencies, and academics involved in the health system and interested in supporting the health of Zimbabwe. The objectives of this profile are essentially twofold:
- To assist the health managers in making decisions on an informed basis.
- To contribute to the improvement of quality of health services and to the equitable distribution health resources in the country.
The objectives can address situations where managerial decisions are often taken under political pressures or according to the mere continuation of established activities and previous experiences. The use of information for decision making at the level where the information is generated is now a crucial component in the provision of better health services in a decentralised approach. With this perspective in mind, the summary of selected indicators intends to supply a retrospective picture of health events and socio-economic factors. These indicators trace annual trends on demography, finance and health status which can be useful for planning.
| INDICATORS | 1982 | 1992 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | SOURCES |
| GENERAL & DEMOGRAPHY | ||||||
| Land Area | 390,757 | 390,757 | 390,757 | 390,757 | 390,757 | Km2 |
| Population (millions) | 7,6 | 10,4 | 11,2 | 11,5 | 11,9 | - |
| Sex Ratio (Males/100 Females) | - | 95 | - | - | - | - |
| Urban Pop. (millions) | 2,3 | 3,1 | 3,4 | 3,5 | 3,6 | Data from National Censuses: in 1982 urban pop. was equal to 26%, in 1992 it was 31% of total pop. |
| Rural Pop. (millions) | 5,2 | 7,2 | 7,6 | 7,9 | 8,2 | Data from National Censuses: in 1982 urban pop. was equal to 26%, in 1992 it was 31% of total pop. |
| Population Density | 19 | 26,6 | 28.5 | 29,6 | 30,6 | Persons/Km2 |
| Total Fertility Rate (average no. children/woman) | 5.6 | 5.9 | 4.2 * | - | - | 1982 & 1992 data are sourced from Nat Census, C S O; * data from DHS, 1994 |
| Crude Birth Rate (births/1000 pop.) | 39.5 | 43.5 | - | - | - | - |
| Crude Death Rate (deaths/1000 pop.) | 10.8 | 9.4 | - | - | - | - |
| Ave. Annual Intercensal Growth Rate (%) | - | 3.1 | - | - | - | Data from National Census, 1992 |
| Population Doubling Time (years) | - | 23 | - | - | - | - |
| Female - Male - Total Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) | 57-56-56 | 62-58-61 | - | - | 62-58-61 | All LEBs figures are related to the years 1978 and 1990 |
| SOCIO-ECONOMIC | ||||||
| GDP (billion ZWD)
GDP Annual Growth Rate (1990, Constant Prices) |
(*)15- | 18.9
-5.5 |
20.3
-0.2 |
20.2
7.2 |
21.7 | (*)1985 data, source C S O, Quaterly Digest Statistics, 1997. Constant prices at 1990 |
| GDP Per Capita (ZWD) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| GOZ Annual Health Expenditures (million ZWD) | 300 | 458 | 424 | 409 | - | MOHCW data, Financial year 1982/83 etc; real values, inflation corrected to 1980 ZWD |
| GOZ Annual Health Expenditures Per Capita | 39 | 44 | 38 | 35 | - | MOHCW data, Financial year 1982/83 etc; real values, inflation corrected to 1980 ZWD |
| GOZ Health Expenditures as % of GDP | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | - | MOHCW data,Financial year 1982/83 etc; real values, inflation corrected to 1980 ZWD |
| GOZ Health Expenditures as % of Total GOZ Exp. | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.2 | - | MOHCW data, Financial year 1982/83 etc; real values, inflation corrected to 1980 ZWD |
| Daily Calorie Per Capita | - | 1,989 | - | - | - | - |
| Food Consumption as % Household Consumption | 40 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Alcohol Consumption Per Capita | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Adult Smoking Ratio | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| COMMUNICATION | ||||||
Number of Radios/1000 pop:
|
- | - | -
86 |
- | - | UNDP, HDR-1997 |
Number of Phones/100 pop:
|
- | - | 1.2 |
- | - | UNDP, HDR-1997 |
Number of Computers/100 pop:
|
- | - |
|
- | - | UNDP, HDR-1997 |
Number of Internet Users/10000 pop:
|
- | - | 0.1 |
- | - | UNDP, HDR-1997 |
| RURAL/URBAN DISPARITY | ||||||
IMR (Children Deaths/1000 Live Births):
|
79 85 59 |
66 71 55 |
- | - | - | Data from C S O, in 1978 & 1990 , Combined Demographic Analysis (1992) |
Total Fertility Rate (Average no. Children/Woman):
|
5.7 | 5.9 6.6 4.5 |
4.2* 4.8* 3.0 * |
- | - | 1982 & 1992 data are sourced from Nat Census, C S O; * data from DHS, 1994 |
One Functional Ambulance Reachable at Each Clinic:
|
- | - | - |
|
- | PASS-1995, ML&SW |
One Functional Phone at Each Clinic:
|
- | - | - | 56.7% |
- | PASS-1995, ML&SW |
Safe Water Access:
|
- | 77% |
- | - | - | - |
Safe Sanitation Access
|
15% |
66.0% |
- | - | - | National Censuses 1982, 1992, C S O publications |
| HEALTH STATUS | ||||||
| Nutrition | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Low Weight at Birth Rate (LBW) - under 2500 gr | - | 8.4% | 10.9% | 11.5% | 10.9% | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Under 5yr OPD Severe Malnutrition Rate/1000 | - | - | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.0 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Under 5yr, Below the Line (underweight) (A) - Community Survey | 18% (1) | 12% (2) | 17%(3) | - | - | (1) MOH Nutrition survey; (2) DHS in 1988; (3) DHS in 1994 |
| Under 5yr, Below the Line (underweight) (B) - Routine Facility Based | - | 9.7% | 7.2% | 7.1% | 6.4% | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| MORBIDITY & MORTALITY | ||||||
| Clinical Malaria Incidence Rate/1000 | - | 40.4 | 71.5 | 62.6 | 139.9 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| TB Incidence Rate/100000 | 60 | 146 | 230 | 277 | 299 | - |
| AIDS Incidence Rate/100000 | - | - | - | 115 | 123 | - |
| HIV Seroprevalence (Sentinel, 15yr and above) | - | 14.3% | 18.1% | 19.4% | 21% | Data from Sentinel sites (ANC visit pregnant women) |
| Injuries Incidence Rate/1000 | - | 55.9 | 64.5 | 67.9 | 76.8 | - |
| No. Injured/No. Deaths due to Road Traffic Accidents | - | - | 3343/863 | 2762/800 | - | - |
| New Cases of Disabilities/1000 | - | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | New disabilities treated in public health institution only |
| Abortion Rate | - | - | - | 25 | 21 | Data from T9 up to Provincial Hospitals. Expected Pregnancies x 1,000 |
| Number of Deaths due to Heart Disease | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Number of Deaths due to Cancer/100000 | - | - | - | 2.7 | 2.1 | Hospital T9 returns |
| HEALTH RESOURCES | ||||||
| Total Expenditures on Health | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Public Sector Expenditures - Gov. only (million ZWD) | 306.6 | 511.9 | 424.5 | 409.7 | - | Real expenditures (inflation excluded) with 1980 as year of reference |
| Private Sector Expenditures | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Public Expenditures by Level and % of total:
|
3 |
- | - | - | 9.5 |
Data 1982 & 1996 referred to Financial Year 1981/82 & 1995/96 |
| Health Bills Paid by Insurance | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Population per Bed by Level:
|
- | - | - | - | 947 |
Health facility based data, NHIS . Excluding beds of private health institutions in major cities . |
| Population per Doctor Number of Doctors |
- | - | - | - | 7310 1634 |
Health Professions Council Register |
| Population per Doctor Number of Doctors |
- | - | - | - | 15472 772 |
MOHCW, Establishment Control Office, public servant contracts only |
| Population per Nurse Number of Nurses |
- | - | - | - | 728 16407 |
Health Professions Council Register |
| Population per Nurse Number of Nurses |
- | - | - | - | 1564 7636 |
MOHCW, Establishment Control Office, public servant contracts only |
| Population per Pharmacist Number of Pharmacists |
- | - | - | - | 22795 524 |
Health Professions Council Register |
| Population per Pharmacist Number of Pharmacists |
- | - | - | - | 92595 129 |
MOHCW, Establishment Control Office, public servant contracts only |
| Pop. per Environmental Technician Number of Environmental Technicians |
- | - | - | - | 11332 1054 |
Health Professions Council Register |
| Pop. per Environmental Technician Number of Environmental Technicians |
- | - | - | - | 12680 942 |
MOHCW, Establishment Control Office, public servant contracts only |
Public Contract Doctor % by Level:
|
6 |
- | - | - | 21 |
Health facility based data, NHIS |
Public Contract Nurse % by Level:
|
22 |
- | - | - | 33 |
Health facility based data, NHIS |
| MCH-REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ||||||
| BCG Coverage | - | 91 | 92 | 94 | 78.1 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Measles Coverage | - | 80.5 | 79.4 | 82.4 | 83.0 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| PCC Coverage | - | 72 | 68 | 72.8 | 74.8 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| ANC Coverage | - | - | 78 | 78 | 74 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Institutional Delivery Coverage/100 | - | - | 50.9 | 51.3 | 49.7 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Deliveries Assisted by Trained Staff/100 | - | - | 58.3 | 58.4 | 56.2 | Institutional deliveries plus deliveries at home by TM/TBA, Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Still Birth Rate/1000 | - | - | 23.2 | 25.0 | 24.2 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Perinatal Mortality Rate/1000 | - | - | 41 | 42.2 | 43.8 | Health facility based data, NHIS |
| Child Mortality Rate/1000 | 34 | 26 | - | - | - | C S O Censuses, data from 1981 & 1990 |
| Under Five Years Mortality Rate/1,000 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Maternal Mortality Rate/100,000 | - | 125.93 | 149.93 | 115.43 | 169.90 | - |
Mothers Breastfeeding at 6 Months:
|
- | - | 96.8 |
- | - | Data from DHS, 1994, C S O |
| Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (married women) | 38% | 48% | 48% | - | - | Data are sourced from DHS surveys of 1984, 1988, 1994 |
| CYP | - | 332,164 | 424,713 | 537,661 | 661,543 | Couple Year Protection (CYP), FP methods issued by health institution and ZNFPC , Health facility based data, NHIS |
| email: Mr. R. Gunzo Tel.: +263-4-706681/703971 x202 Tel.: +263-4-730011 |
email: Dr. S. Midzi |